by R.Schleip (July 1997)
Jan Sultan, the originator of the
external/internal typology, has updated his description of how to best
determine the structural types. He now gives the following list of six
indicators of whether a person is an external or an internal type. These six
indicators should be seen to be in a sequential order (with the first one as
the most important, and so on).
2. Shape of occiput. Internal: prominent occiput
("occipital shelf"). External: flat occiput
3. Spinal curves. Overall amplitude of spinal lordotic
& kyphotic curvatures. Strong curves: internal. Flat curves: external.
4. Pelvis shape. Seen from backside: pear shape (wide
tubs) = internal. Apple shape (narrow tubs) = external.
5. Femur rotation. Best seen in movement rather than in
standing. If femur relatively more medial rotated = internal. Clear lateral
rotation: external
6. Legs. Internal type: genu varus pattern plus long flexible arches.
External type: genu valgus pattern plus high fixed arch (or bear paw).